How to understand the weather warning signal？ What should I do if I receive the message？ Meteorologists say this.
Interview site
Liang Junping, Director of Science, Technology and Forecast Department of Henan Meteorological Bureau
Lutan, chief forecaster of Henan Meteorological Observatory
What is weather warning? What’s the difference from the weather forecast? What should the public do when receiving early warning information? On the afternoon of May 12th, Liang Junping, director of Science, Technology and Forecasting Department of Henan Meteorological Bureau, and Lu Tan, chief forecaster of Henan Meteorological Observatory, visited the Online Interview column of Henan government website, taking everyone to understand the meteorological warning and build the first line of defense for disaster prevention and mitigation.
What is weather warning?
What’s the difference from the weather forecast?
Liang Junping introduced that the meteorological early warning recognized by the public refers to the early warning signal of meteorological disasters, and refers to the early warning information released to the public by meteorological stations affiliated to meteorological authorities at all levels. In fact, the current meteorological early warning in Henan Province includes meteorological disaster early warning and meteorological disaster early warning signals. Early warning and early warning signals have "early warning" literally, and the public is easily confused. In fact, the biggest difference between early warning and early warning signals lies in the difference in timeliness and release subject. Early warning is produced and released by Henan Meteorological Observatory, with a long timeliness, generally 24 hours or more. That is, when the early warning is issued, it tells everyone that severe weather such as rainstorm may happen within 24 hours. If the rainstorm continues after 24 hours, Henan Meteorological Observatory will see whether to continue to issue the rainstorm warning according to the scope and intensity of rainfall, and will upgrade the rainstorm warning if the rainfall is likely to intensify. The early warning signal is a defense warning against local sudden and short-term disastrous weather. Its time limit is short, generally within 12 hours, and it is mainly produced and released by the municipal and county meteorological offices.
What’s the difference between weather warning and weather forecast? Liang Junping said that the weather forecast is to tell the public what will happen in the next few days. The meteorological department will release the weather forecast to the public every day, and it will be updated in a timely manner according to the weather changes. Usually, the weather forecast has a longer time limit, from 24 hours to 10 days. The meteorological early warning mainly highlights the role of "warning" and has stronger action. After the general early warning is issued, it is necessary to take action. Not only the government emergency and disaster prevention departments should organize disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, but also the public should respond in time, strengthen self-help and jointly prevent the impact of sudden meteorological disasters.
Rainstorm is one of the most important meteorological disasters in our province.
How long can you forecast in advance?
The Measures for the Issuance and Dissemination of Meteorological Disaster Warning Signals in Henan Province stipulates 15 kinds of meteorological disaster warning signals in Henan Province, including rainstorm, blizzard, drought, lightning, cold wave, gale, sandstorm, high temperature, low temperature, hail, frost, fog, haze, road icing and dry hot wind. Liang Junping said that there is basically a one-to-one correspondence between the types of meteorological disaster warning and warning signals. All kinds of meteorological warnings may have different degrees of disasters or impacts, and the most likely one is heavy rain.
Rainstorm is one of the most important meteorological disasters in our province, and its harm mainly includes floods and waterlogging disasters. How long can rainstorm warning be predicted in advance? Liang Junping introduced that under normal circumstances, the meteorological department can forecast the rainstorm weather process 7 to 10 days in advance. In order to give full consideration to the timeliness and accuracy of meteorological forecasting and early warning, meteorological departments closely monitor weather changes and carry out forecasting and early warning services step by step. Generally, important weather reports are released 1~5 days in advance, and important weather processes with turning points, key points and disasters are released; Issue an important weather warning report 1~2 days in advance, which provides an important basis for the party and government decision-making and command departments to start emergency response to meteorological disasters; The meteorological disaster warning signal will be issued 0~12 hours in advance, and the public will be warned against the forecast and early warning of local sudden or prone meteorological disasters and public defense.
"Although the weather forecast is calculated by a supercomputer, behind the calculation of the simulated atmospheric system, it also involves very complicated scientific problems. With the development of science and technology, the ability of weather forecasting and early warning will continue to improve, but it cannot be completely accurate. " Liang Junping said.
What kinds of rainstorm warning information can the public receive at present? Lutan said that at present, the public can receive two types of rainstorm warning information. One is the provincial rainstorm warning issued by Henan Meteorological Observatory, which pays attention to the regional rainstorm in the next 24 hours and is accurate to the city; The other is the rainstorm warning signal issued by the meteorological stations in cities and counties, which pays attention to the rainstorm in the next 12 hours, 6 hours and 3 hours, and is accurate to the county (city, district) or township (town, street). According to the intensity, duration and coverage of the rainstorm, the two types of early warning information are divided into four levels: blue, yellow, orange and red, and the influence degree is increasing step by step. The red early warning information shows that the rainstorm has the most serious impact.
Meteorological early warning concerns the safety of people’s lives and property.
What are the channels for obtaining meteorological information?
What is the significance of meteorological warning? Rutan said that for government decision-making departments, flood control command and dispatch can be carried out in advance according to meteorological warning, flood control work deployment, on-duty duty and hidden danger investigation can be done well, and corresponding measures can be taken according to the warning level to evacuate and transfer people in time to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property. For ordinary people, the application level of meteorological disaster warning signals and the degree of independent disaster prevention awareness are related to whether the defense warning to the public can really play an effective role.
The Henan Provincial Department of Education and the Henan Provincial Meteorological Bureau jointly issued the "Notice on Implementing Suspension Measures under the Red Warning Condition of Rainstorm", which will take effect on April 1, 2022. The emergency linkage mechanism and social response system with rainstorm warning as the forerunner have begun to bring into play benefits, and the public’s awareness of active disaster prevention is also constantly improving. The prevention, mitigation and relief of meteorological disaster early warning response need to be combined with the autonomy of government organizations and the general public in order to play a greater role. When receiving early warning information, the public should take active defensive actions, which should become as customary and natural as "taking an umbrella when it rains" in the future.
What are the receiving channels of meteorological early warning? Lutan introduced that Article 11 of the Measures for the Release and Dissemination of Meteorological Disaster Early Warning Signals in Henan Province stipulates that media and telecom operators such as radio, television and internet should spread the early warning signal information within 15 minutes after receiving the real-time early warning signal provided by the meteorological station affiliated to the competent meteorological department. The public can also get timely meteorological early warning information by paying attention to "Henan Meteorology" Weibo, WeChat WeChat official account and "National Early Warning Information Release" WeChat WeChat official account, or visiting the portal website of Henan Meteorological Bureau and the National Emergency Early Warning Information Release Network (12379.cn). In addition, you can also download the 12379 App, and pay attention to Tik Tok, Toutiao, Aauto Quicker and other new media accounts of "Henan Early Warning Release" to obtain early warning information. (Reporter Wang Jing)